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A reference for this material is Chapter 14 of John M. Lee. Introduction to smooth
manifolds. Second edition. Grad. Texts in Math., 218. Springer, New York, 2013.
xvi+708pp. ISBN: 978-1-4419-9981-8.
Let \(V\) be a finite-dimensional vector space. Then
\[ (V \otimes \cdots \otimes V ) ^{\ast } \cong V^{\ast } \otimes \cdots \otimes V^{\ast } . \]
The left hand side is in
correspondence with the set of \(k\)-multilinear maps
\[ V \times \cdots \times V \to \mathbb {R} . \]
The correspondence can be made a
little more explicit. For \(\alpha _1 , \ldots , \alpha _k \in V^{\ast }\), one has the multilinear map \(V \times \cdots \times V \to \mathbb {R} \) given by
For each \( \eta \in (V^{\ast } ) ^{\otimes k}\), the
multilinear map associated to \(A_k (\eta )\) is antisymmetric. Moreover, if \(\eta \) is already
antisymmetric, then \(A_k (\eta ) = \eta \).
Solution:
Fix \(v _1, \ldots , v_k \in V\) and \(\tau \in S_k\). Then
If the sets \(\{ i_1 , \ldots , i_k \}\) and \(\{ j_1, \ldots , j_k \}\) are not the same, then each summand is zero. If the sets
are the same, since the \(i_{\ell }\)’s are distinct, there is a unique element \(\sigma \) such that
\(j_{\sigma (1)} < \ldots < j_{\sigma (k)}\). In that case, that is the only summand that survives, and the result is
\(\text {sign}(\sigma ) \in \{ -1, 1 \} \).